Ĭarl Linnaeus, an 18th-century naturalist who formalized binomial nomenclature, is said to have "invented the index card" c. The German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was known to have relied on Harrison's invention in at least one of his research projects. Harrison's system was edited and improved by Vincent Placcius in his well-known handbook on excerpting methods ( De arte excerpendi, 1689). Harrison's manuscript on the "ark of studies" ( Arca studiorum) describes a small cabinet that allows users to excerpt books and file their notes in a specific order by attaching pieces of paper to metal hooks labeled by subject headings. The first early modern card cabinet was designed by 17th-century English inventor Thomas Harrison ( c. History įiling cabinet for paper slips in Vincent Placcius's De arte excerpendi (1689) Index cards are used for many events and are helpful for planning. Professional book indexers used index cards in the creation of book indexes until they were replaced by indexing software in the 1980s and 1990s.Īn often suggested organization method for bibliographical citations and notes in a card file is to use the smaller 3-inch by 5-inch cards to record the title and citation information of works cited, while using larger cards for recording quotes or other data, but some people have also given the opposite advice to put everything on one size of card. Index cards are used for a wide range of applications and environments: in the home to record and store recipes, shopping lists, contact information and other organizational data in business to record presentation notes, project research and notes, and contact information in schools as flash cards or other visual aids and in academic research to hold data such as bibliographical citations or notes in a card file. They are part of standard stationery and office supplies all around the globe. Special divider cards with protruding tabs and a variety of cases and trays to hold the cards are also sold by stationers and office product companies. Cards are available in blank, ruled and grid styles in a variety of colors. The most common size for index card in North America and the UK is 3 by 5 inches (76.2 by 127.0 mm), hence the common name 3-by-5 card.
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